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FIRXCIS, TV^^^ZEInTTY-FIVIE CElsTTS. 




JAMES A. AMBLEU & CO WORCESTER, MASS. 



Entered according to Act of Congress by Jas. A. Aiibler & Co. in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



LUCIUS 1'. GOKDAKD, IJOOK AND .JOB I'RINTER. "^ 



r7f . 



AMES PLOW COMPANY, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Igricultural ||m||pmtnts i jptltint s 



deal?:ks in 



Grass, Field, Garden and Flower Seeds, 

FERTILIZERS. ETC. 




--"**<SfWSi_^-^ 



'rtO^\-KK?> * 



SOLE MAKERS OF 



The Genuine Eagle Plows, 

Pronty & Mears' Center Draft Plows, 

Sessions & Knox's Patent Hard Steel Plows, 
Hakes' Improved Swivel Plows, 
The American Hay Tedder, 

Bart's Self- Adjusting Horse Rake, 

Harrington's Combined Seed Sower and Cultivator, 
French's Patent Cultivator, 

Little tfiant Wheel Jacks, 

Ross' Pat3nt Lawn Mowers, etc. 



TAT'^A.RBEiO'CrSES : 



Quincy Hall, 

BOSTON. 



53 Beekman Street, 

NEW YORK. 



ir-^A-CTOFlIES : 



Prescott Street, Worcester, Mass. 

.AND AYER, MASS. 




Ijjjj 



USTBATED. 




HE reader need scarcely be told that Worcester is one of the 
most charming little cities in all the country, for he probably 
knows that already, nor yet of the satisfaction and pleasure 
which her inhabitants derive from their citizenship. " Show me a 
Worcester man," said a Philadelphia gentleman to the writer, " and I will 
show you a man who is proud of Ms hotnef^^ and it is only a natural 
pride. City and country are here beautifully combined. The hills, 
whose moderate summits are variously crowned with forest, pasture and 
granite, with colleges and academies, completely surround and beautify 
the city, with its well-built streets, its warehouses, residences, and its 
manufactories ; while, stretching away in the distance, may be discerned 
the top of old Wachusett, famous in story, and now grown to be a pop- 
ular summer resort. It is here that the Rev. Dr. Storrs of Brooklyn and 
men of his stamp spend their recreative weeks, in preference to the more 
crowded White Mountain houses, or the aristocratic resorts at the 
beaches, where nature's calm gives sweeter rest and nothing interferes 
with such rejuvenation as is sought by professional men during summer 
vacations. 

Worcester has a history of her own, and although this is not perhaps 
properly a part of a work of this kind, yet the general reader will not 
probably be averse to our inserting brief outlines and items in the course 
of the work. Suffice it now to say that the first settlement of the place 
was in 1085, although grants for the settlement had been made in 16C8, 
nearly twenty years earlier. The Indians, however, pillaged and burned 
to such an extent that one after another of the settlers retired from the 
place, until in 1702 it was entirely depopulated. In 1713 another settle- 
ment was made by Jonas Rice and family, and from this time Worcester 
has grown slowly but steadily until her population now numbers upwards 
of fifty thousand. In 1722 the first town meeting was held ; in 1731 the 
first court was held; in 1740 the first school-house was built, and in 1775 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



the first printing was executed by Isaiah Thomas in the publication of 
the "Massachusetts Spy." At a httle distance from the city is Lake 
Quinsigamond, a beautiful lake about seven miles in length, the name of 
which was also the Indian name of the town, it having been changed to 
Worcester at its incorporation by the General Court in 1684. 

Nearly surrounding Worcester, and running to the lake and for some 
four miles by its side, is a boulevard, which, although as yet unfinished, 
will, when completed, afford a delightful drive of from fifteen to eighteen 
miles, nearly one-fourth of the distance running along by the side of the 
lake with charming surrounding scenery. The boulevard as projected 
will have a uniform width of eighty feet. 




CITY HALL. 

The principal growth of the city has been during the last forty years, 
although Worcester has held an important place in the State for a much 
longer time. The Boston and Worcester Railroad was incorporated in 
1831, and opened new and important facilities for doing business, of 
which the people were not slow to take advantage. From this time for- 
ward things took a more rapid stride. Among the buildings belonging 
with the earlier history of the place was the Town Hall, which was built 
in 1825, and which is not materially altered in its appearance, although its 
name has been changed to City Hall in the meantime. The Mayor and 
Aldermen, the City Council and municipal officers have rooms in the 
buildins. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



The courts, as we have said, were established here in 1731, the first being 
held in the meeting-house. Tn 1764 the town of Lancaster petitioned 

the General Court for the re- 



moval of some of the courts 
to that place. The attempt, 
however, was unsuccessful, 
and Worcester has remained 
the seat of the county courts 
from their establishment. The 
first court house was built in 
1832, a small wooden struc- 
ture, thirty-six by twenty-six 
feet, with thirteen feet posts. 
This was succeeded in 1751 
by a larger one, thirty-six by 
forty feet, which after being 
used for forty years was re- 
moved to the corner of Green 
OLD COURT HOUSE. and Franklin streets, where it 

is still standing. In 1801 the older of the two present edifices was built 
at a cost of about twenty thousand dollars. It now stands a little in the 
rear of its former location and in a line with the new court house built in 
1845, which is of Quincy granite, and was built at a cost of one hundred 
thousand dollars. We present a cut of the court house built in 1801. 





OLD WORCESTER ACADEMY. 



WOBCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



The old Worcester Academy also is presented here as one of the pleas- 
ant structures of long ago, and although the Worcester Academy of 
to-day is quite a difi'erent structure, as will be seen by reference to it, yet 
this old building must occupy a green spot in the memory of those who 
were in years past familiar with it. The American Hotel shown in our 
engraving was one of the pleasantest country hotels to be found. Its 
history will be given further along in our pages in connection with the 
American House Block. 




AMERICAN HOUSE. 



To the manufacturing interests of Worcester, more than to any other 
source, does she owe the prosperity which she is enjoying. From Rural 
Cemetery, at the extreme north, to New Worcester, at the south, there 
is, just a little removed from Main street, almost a continuous line of 
manufacturing establishments, giving employment to thousands on thou- 
sands of her citizens, and adding largely to her material wealth. Nearly 
without excei>tion these establishments are owned and managed by resi- 
dents, so that Worcester has all the benefits to be derived from their 
citizenship. 

On entering the city from the north, after passing Rural Cemetery, the 
eye is attracted to the very extensive wire works of the Washburn & 
Moen Manufacturing Company, occupying about eight acres nearly cov- 
ered with buildings. The main building has a front on Grove street 
extending about seven hundred feet, and a depth of sixty feet. One wing 
of the building has four stories and the other five, with a French roof 
This business was established in 1831 on a small scale, and the old mill 
first erected is still standing, forming the nucleus to what are now the 
most extensive works in the world for the production of steel and iron 
wire. A railroad running from the works connects with all the railroads in 
Worcester. Iron and steel wire of every description are manufactured, 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



and wire rods of all grades. A particular feature is clock machinery, gun 
screw, spiral spring wire, and refined wire to pattern for nice purposes. 
Wire is made annealed, bright, polished, coppered, galvanized or tinned. 
Forty tons of all grades of iron and steel wire is the product here of a 

single day, and with 
the exception of tele- 
gru])h wire, which they 
export, this enormous 
amount is all disposed 
of in our own country. 
The capital of the 
company is $1,500,000. 
Philip L. Moon is 
president ; Wm. E. 
Rice, treasurer, and 
Charles F. Washburn, 
secretary. The New 
Es MA.oi'K FACTOKY. York warchousc is at 

42 Cliff street. We regret not being able to show a cut of these works. 
Passing along from here we come to the large envelope factory of G. 
Henry Whitcomb & Co., on Salisbury street, near Lincoln square. This 
is one of the largest concerns in the country, having a capacity for pro- 
ducing fully one million envelopes per day. The building shown in our 
cut was erected in 1873. It is a fine brick structure, three stories high 
besides the basement and attic, making five floors in all. The main 
building is one hundred and twelve by fifty feet, Avith an ell fifty-two by 
thirty feet. Two towers furnish elevator and stairway facilities, and 
give a fine appearance to the building. The firm now has thirty-four 
machines, all of Swift's patent. The factory employs about 100 hands, 
and uses over two tons of paper and straw-board daily. The annual 





^»a^J 







- vM^^^vr.s. 



MERRIFIKLn S BUILDINGS. 



product is nearly two hundred millions of envelopes. AH sales are made 
direct from the factory. The business was established by G. Henry 



WOBCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



Whitcorab in 1864. A machine of their own was invented by men in 
their employ, and all the machines used here at present have been made 
in their own factory. David Whitcomb, the senior partner, is treasurer 
of the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science, and was 
formerly the business partner of John Boynton of Templeton, who gave 
1100,000 to found that institution. 

On Union street are the buildings of Wm. T. Merrifield, Esq., who, 
although retired, yet retains active charge of his rather extensive affairs. 
These buildings are occupied by a large number of manufacturers of 
wood and iron work, and cover over about two acres of ground. We 
have not been furnished with any items regarding these occupants, and 




en AS. BAKER & CO.'S WOKKS. 

can therefore only mention some of the prominent ones, among whom 
are H. A. Lee, Esq., who has large moulding machine works ; Jerome 
Wheelock, Esq., manufacturer of steam engines, and Mr. Henry F. 
Edwards, who does a large business in ornamental iron work for roofs 
sidewalks and terraces. The iron work which ornaments the top and 
sides of the Grand Union Depot was raanufiictured at this place. 

The large planing mills of Charles Baker & Co. adjoin these buildings, 
and these are but a small part of the buildings occupied by this firm. 
Engaged largely in planing and moulding, they are also engaged in the 
lumber trade, in which they do more than any other concern in the city. 



WORCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 




Near by are the extensive works of Rice, Barton & Fales, and on 
Manchester street is Wesson's rifle factory, conducted by Frank 
Wesson, Esq., one of the veteran fire-arm manufacturers, who furnished 
^^^ ___; ^ many arras for the government 

Jfe>>^ :^B^^^^ during the rebellion. Mr. 
Wesson sent arms for exhibition 
to the Vienna Exposition, also. 
These arms are known through- 
out the country, and almost 
ij throughout the world, and are 
"" sold by agents in all the leading 
cities. Mr. Wesson is also the 
Russ, EDDY & co.'s MOULDING WORKS. manufacturer of the Crecdmoor 

rifle, which has made the best target at long range (800 yards) of any 
rifle on record. This arm is very popular. 

The moulding establishment of Russ, Eddy & Co. is also located on 
Manchester street, occupying a building forty by one hundred feet in 
size, and run by a forty horse-power engine. Seven hundred and fifty 
thousand feet of black walnut lumber, brought from Indiana, is converted 
by these parties into picture mouldings and frames in a year, and is then 
sent out again to nearly every city in the country. The building is three 
stories in height and aflbrds employment for about sixty hands. 

The Last manufactory of 
Messrs. Samuel Mawhinney 
& Co., of which we show a 
cut, is located on Church 
street, leading from Me- 
chanic to Front. These 
parties do a large business 
in manufacturing lasts for 
boots and shoes, and are 
known wherever these goods 
are used. 

Below the extensive depot 
now in process of building 
l)y the Boston and Albany 
Railroad Corporation is the 
Washburn Iron Works,, sometimes called "Pandemonium" from the 
lurid light which illumines the heavens at night when the workmen are 
employed in handling the " red hot " material which is constantly running 
through the works. The writer solicited some items from which to make 
a little article, and was informed that there were none of importance to 
give. " We take an old boot," said the person applied to, " and put on a 




mawuj:nnev .s lasi kactoky. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



tap," the meaning of which no doubt is that the works are largely engaged 
in making over and repairing vails, car wheels, etc., for railroad corpora- 
tions. A very extensive business is carried on here, and a large amount 
of capital employed. 

Bradley's car works, Osgood Bradley, proprietor, are located on Grafton 
street. These works Avere established in 1834, and are the oldest of the 
kind in America. Every description of palace, sleeping, passenger and 
freight cars are made here, and, when the demand for work is large, one 
hundred and fifty hands are employed. The average number, however, 
is about one hundred and twenty. The buildings cover about two acres. 

On Grafton street is located T, K. Earle & Co.'s card clothing 
establishment, in connection with which there is quite an interesting 
history. By reference to the American Cyclopaedia we find that the first 
machine card clothing made in this country was manufactured by 
Pliny Earle of Leicester for Samuel Slater of Pawtucket, the originator 
of cotton factories in America. Having visited England, and under great 
difficulties secured plans for his machinery, Mr. Slater proceeded to build 
it under still greater difficulties. At last the machinery was completed, 
but it was useless without card clothing. It was impossible to procure 
it from England, as she claimed all such things as her exclusive right 
and guarded them with a jealous eye. The reputation of Mr. Earle's 
mechanical mills had reached him, and he proceeded to Leicester, sought 
Mr. Earle and made known his wants. Mr. Earle promised that he 
should be supplied ; but the process was long and tedious. A few sides 
of leather were procured from a country tannery, from which the sheets 
were prepared to receive the wii'e. Every hole was punched with a 
single needle, and every tooth inserted with the fingers. When we 
realize that there were sixty thousand points to the square foot, and forty 
square feet to each card, we can form some idea of his labor ; and thus 
the first cotton mill in America was made a success. From this time 
Mr. Earle devoted his life to the production of card clothing, making 
from time to time many improvements in the manufacture. The business 
has continued in the hands of representatives of his family, the present 
one, Mr. T. K. Earle, receiving the control in 1843, since which time he 
has devoted his energies and skill to its development. Many important 
improvements have been made, and foremost to-day in the ranks of 
manufacturers of this article is this old and extensive establishment. To 
show the increase of the business, we will state that in 1790 fifty sides 
of leather would supply the entire demand ; in 1843 the Earle factory 
used but five sides per day, while in 1874 the factory of T. K. Earle & 
Co. alone use one hundred sides per day. 

The envelope factory of Hill, Devoe & Co. is also located here. 
This business was established by Dr. Ilawes, who was the inventor 



10 



WOBCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



of the envelope folding machine which he used. The business has 
been continued through several hands, and in August, 1865, Messrs. 
Hill, Devoe & Co. bought it of the popular concern of Trumbull & 
Hartshorn, and at present, with the newest and most approved ma- 
chinery, have a capacity for making eight hundred thousand envelopes 
per day. The largest week's product ever reached was about live 
millions. The concern is a very strong one, and has a list of customers 
embracing the finest houses in the country. No traveling agents are 
employed. No goods are sold on commission, nine-tenths of the whole 
product being sold direct from the factory. This is one of the secrets of 
the success of Worcester manufacturers, that they call customers here to 
buy, instead of being obliged to solicit. This concern is about building 
a large manufactory, with a capacity for producing from one and a half 
to two million envelopes per day. 




J. H. & G. M. walker's boot MANUFACTORY. 

Near these works is the large boot manufactory of Messrs. J. H. & 
G. M. Walker, the senior member or which, Mr. J, H. Walker, is well 
known as a representative man in his trade all over the country. The 
manufacture of boots and shoes is not only one of the most prominent 
industries in Worcester, but it is also one of the most important, employ- 
ing, as it does, a large number of men in producing the goods, and 
requiring a large investment of capital. Mr. Walker is also connected 
with the wholesale leather concern of Walker, Oakley & Co., Chicago, 111. 

On Green street we find Mr. George Crompton's loom works, through 
whom only the right to use the celebrated Crompton looms can be 
secured in all this part of the country. These looms are a very valuable 
invention, and have yielded a large amount to the proprietor. 

The Junction Shop, so called, is near the Junction depot, where a 



WORCESTEB ILLUSTBATED. 



11 



variety of extensive manufacturers of machinery are located, wliile 
further up and just above the Junction depot is the fire-arms estabUshment 
of Messrs. F'orehand & Wads worth. The manufacture of fire-arms is 
another of the prominent industries, among which the leading and by 
considerably the largest is that of these gentlemen. They manufactui-e 
all sizes of arms, from the large army to the small pocket revolver, and 







CROMPTON LOOM WORKS. 



are also large manufacturers of breech-loading shot-guns and breech- 
loading rifles. Their arms are very popular, and are sent to all parts of 
the country, besides many being exported. This manufactory is one of 
the oldest in the country, having been established in 1835 by the^late 




JUNCTION SHOP. 

Ethan Allen, he prosecuting the business with different parties until 1871, 
when, at his decease, it passed into the hands of the present owners. 

Still further along are the works of the Wood & Light Machine Co., 
established in 1842 and incorporated in 1872. The corporation has a 
capital stock of $200,000, and do an extensive business in iron-working 
machinery, the principal warehouse being in New York. 

The Worcester Steam Boiler Works, on the line of the Providence and 



12 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




Worcester Railroad, occupy about an acre of land. The buildings 
erected in 1871. This is the only boiler manufactory in the city, 
proprietors of the works, Messrs. Stewart & Allen, are pursuing a 
successful business, and their boilers have attained a fine reputation. 



were 
The 
very 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



J 3 




14 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




SAliUEM' CAKD CLOTUING CO. S FACXUliV. 

Within sight, and on Southbridge street, the Sargent Card Clothing 
Company's establishment is located, of which Mr. Edward Sargent is 
president. The manufacture of card clothing is a very important branch 
of industry. At this establishment there are about 250 card setting 
machines, turning out about 600 square feet of machine cards and 300 
dozen pairs of hand cards each day. These cards are sent all over the 
country and into the British Provinces, 

From here, passing up Hermon street, we have several important iron 
and steel works and the factory of the Taylor & Farley Organ Company, 
who do an extensive business in manufacturing organs, and whose 
instruments have attained to a very high reputation in musical circles all 
over the country. 



WOBCESTER ILLUSTRATED 



15 




16 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



At New Worcester are large wrench factories of the Goes Brothers, 
the oldest of whom, Mr. Loring Goes, formerly senior member of the firm 
of L. & A. G. Goes, who was the original inventor of the screw wrench, 
has erected a large factory in the southern outskirts, fifty by one hundred 
feet, with a front projection thirty-four by sixteen feet, the ground floor 
of which is used for the oflice. There is also a forge shop fifty feet square, 
and both of these are run by a sixty-seven horse-power, iron-cased turbine 
water-wheel, in a wheel-house between the two structures. They own 
three reservoirs, containing together four hundred acres, all utilized so as 
to furnish power for machinery. The wrenches are made of Burden's 
best wrought iron, and are sold over the whole civilized world. A quarter 
of a mile away they also have a shop for the manufacture of machine 
cutters, hay-cutter knives, die stock, shear blades and strips, planing 

machine knives, and 



edge tools generally. 
This building is seven- 
ty-five by fifty feet, 
with two stories and a 
basement, and is also 
run by water-power, 
and together with a 
saw-mill and carpenter 
shop, both run in the 
same manner, comprise 
the extensive works of 
L, Goes & Go., who 
produce from fifteen to 




L. GOES & CO.'S FACTORY. 



twenty thousand wrenches each month, besides a large amount of edge 
tools. These works have the most beautiful surroundings of any in the 
city, consisting of groves, gentle hills, green-sward and clear running 
water. No less beautiful are the water surroundings of the large manu- 
facturing works of Messrs. Gurtis & Marble, situated also at New 
Worcester; and these two establishments, with their surroundings, wil] 
well repay the trouble of going there fi-om the city proper. Horse cars, 
connecting, run every fifteen minutes, and bring this part of the city into 
easy communication. 

We will now return to the city proper and give a description and view 
of one more extensive business concern. 

One of the most recent additions to the many manufacturing estab- 
lishments for which Worcester is famed, is the series of buildings occupied 
by the Ames Plow Gompany, for the manufacture of agricultural imple- 
ments and machines. The architectural features of this immense estab- 
lishment are such as to attract the attention of the most casual observer. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



17 




18 WOBCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 



Located on Prescott street, the main building (of brick) consists of three 
stories and basement, walls sixteen and twelve inches thick, supported by 
buttresses extending to the second story. The west wing is two hundred 
by fifty feet, the east wing one hundred and seventy-five by fifty feet. 
The other buildings consist of the pattern shop, foundry, blacksmith 
shop, grinding and polishing shops, coal house and steel rooms, boiler and 
engine house, storehouses and sheds. The latest improvements are 
adopted, which give every convenience for the work to be carried on, and 
ample security against fire. The Ames Plow Company are the successors 
of the firm of Ruggles, Nourse & Co., who were among the earliest to 
engage in the manufacture of Agricultural implements in this country on 
an extended scale. The present company was incorporated in 1864, and 
they have been not less celebrated than their predecessors for the excel- 
lence of their work and their enterprise in giving to agriculturists every- 
where the most approved implements and machines. Articles of their 
manufacture can be found in every part of the civilized world, and it 
would be a matter of astonishment to many to know the extent of the 
orders which they are often called upon to fill. In addition to this large 
establishment they have another of almost equal capacity at Ayer, Mass. 
The principal oftice of the company is in Boston, occupying the entire 
upper portion of the far-famed "Quincy Market Building." The New 
York branch is located at No. 53 Beekman street. 



INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 

Worcester is famed, and justly so, for the number and quality of her 
schools. To her liberal patronage of these, perhaps, more than to any 
other source, does she owe the large number of representative men whom 
she has sent forth to the nation and state, and whom she holds as citizens. 
Prominent and praiseworthy among these is the Worcester County Free 
Institute of Industrial Science. 

This Technical School is one of the characteristic institutions of the 
city. Its object is to provide a course of instruction in the various 
branches of applied science, especially mechanics, which shall enable the 
graduate to enter at once upon the duties of active life. Of the seventy- 
three members of the four classes already graduated, sixty are occupying 
honorable and lucrative positions, for which the discipline of the school 
has especially fitted them. Founded by John Boynton, of Templeton, as 
a free school for the county of Worcester, the institution has been further 
and munificently endowed by Ichabod Washburn and Stephen Salisbury 
of Worcester, by the city of Worcester, and the State of Massachusetts. 
In consideration of the gift of money from the State, twenty students, 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



19 



residents of the State outside of the county, are entitled to free tuition. 
Students are admitted from any other place upon payment of a small 
tuition fee. The general direction of the institute is in the hands of a 
Board of Trustees, which includes some of the ablest and most influential 
citizens of Worcester county, as follows: Hon. Stephen Salisbury, 
President; Hon. D. Waldo Lincoln, Secretary; David Whitcomb, Esq., 
Treasurer ; Rev. Seth Sweetser, D. D., Hon. George F. Hoar, Charles H. 
Morgan, Esq., Philip L. Moen, Esq., Rev. Edward H. Hall, Hon. Lucius 
J. Knowles, Rev. B. D. Marshall, D. D. On the part of the Board of 
Education, Hon. William W. Rice; ex-officio, His Hon. Clark Jillson. 
The direct administration and control is confided to a faculty of singu- 
larly able and enthusiastic men, as follows : Charles O. Tiiompson, A. M., 
Principal and Professor of Chemistry ; George L Alden, B. S., Professor 




BOYNTON HALU 



of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ; George E. Gladwin, Professor of 
Drawing ; John E. Sinclair, A. M., Professor of Higher Mathematics and 
Civil Engineering; Alonzo S. Kimball, A.M., Professor of Physics; 
Edward P. Smith, A. M., Professor of Modern Languages ; Thomas E. 
N. Eaton, A. M., Junior Professor of Mathematics ; Milton P. Higgins, 
B. S., Superintendent of Machine Shop. The institute occupies two build- 
ings, Boynton Hall, shown in our cut, and the Washburn Machine Shop. 
Boynton Hall is a commodious and elegant granite building, one hundred 
and forty-six feet long by sixty-one feet wide, built by the citizens of 
Worcester. It contains a chapel capable of seating four hundred persons ; 
a lecture room, in the rear of which are a storeroom and private laboratory, 
with store and balance rooms, furnished with all the tables, re-agents, 
etc., necessary for the students' use ; a laboratory, all fully equipped for 



20 



WonCESTEn TLLUSTHATED. 




WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 21 

instruction in chemistry ; a physical laboratory, furnished with power 
from the shop, and adapted to tlie use of students in the practical solution 
of problems in physics, containing Willis' system of apparatus, complete 
working machines to illustrate the movements of the link and valve, C. 
II. Morgan's machine for showing the correct form of cams and their 
movements, models of bridges, thermic, optical and galvanic apparatus 
to meet every want ; two commodious drawing rooms, one for free-hand, 
the other for mechanical drawing, with model rooms, where are the best 
French and English plates, manuscript drawings, models, casts, etc.; an 
architect's room, a designer's room, commodious recitation rooms and 
office, and a library and reading room. There is also a full set of 
instruments for the use of the civil engineers. The Washburn Machine 
Shop affords unusual facilities to students in this department for obtain- 
ing a practical knowledge of the use of tools and the management of 
machines. The shop is equipped with the best tools and machinery for 
the working of iron and wood, and is managed, like any other shop, by a 
superintendent, who employs a sufficient number of skilled workmen. 
The students spend their practice hours in it as apprentices. Besides 
the general training in drawing, the mechanical engineers have special 
instruction during senior year in making working drawings of machines, 
determining the strength, dimensions and proper proportions of machines 
from numerical specifications, and in the laws of motors. The determin- 
ation on the part of the superintendent to maintain the highest standard 
of workmanship has so far been successfully carried out, and is undoubt- 
edly the only way to fulfill the design of the shop. The speed-lathe, 
designed and built there, took the gold medal at the Baltimore Fair in 
1869, and both the engine lathe and the speed lathe took first premiums 
at the Fair of the American Institute, held October, 1870, in New York, 
and at the Fair of the Worcester North Agricultural Society, held in 
September, 1873. At the last named fair the grinding machine took a 
first premium. An advertisement of the work of the shop is found on 
our outside back cover page. We have given extended space to a 
description of this institution, from the fact that its doors admit young 
men to jyractical educational advantages, and when they go forth they 
are prepared by the practice acquired while students to compel the 
avenues of success to open before them. 

Worcester Academy, a cut of which is shown, was established in 1834. 
It is located on a delightful eminence called Union Hill, and is just 
sufficiently separated from the business j)ortion of the city to offer to the 
student excellent advantages for study and improvement. The Board 
of Instruction is composed of the following gentlemen : J. D. Smith, 
A. B., Principal, Teacher of Latin and Greek ; Rev. Sylvester Burnham, 
A. M., Teacher of Greek, German and History ; Nathan Leavenworth, 



22 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




A. B., Teaclier of Natural Sciences and Mathematics ; Miss A. H. Pulcifer, 
Preceptress, Teacher of Latin and French ; Miss Sarah E. Fisk, Teacher 
of EngUsh Branches ; George E. Ghidwin, Teacher of Painting and 
Drawing ; William H. Daniell, Teacher of Vocal Music ; Edwin B. Story, 
Teacher of the Organ and Piano ; Miss Emma E. Crane, Teacher of the 
Piano and Vocal Music; Mrs. M. J. Sumner, Teaclier of Elocution; 
George W. Thompson, Teacher of Penmanship. The buildings are 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 23 



elegant and commodious, having spacious recitation rooms, chapel and 
dining hall, bathing rooms and other modern conveniences. The depart- 
ments of instruction are : A College Preparatory course, in which the 
instruction is confined to the Latin and Greek classics and such other 
studies as are necessary in i^reparing for college, which covers four years ; 
an Academic course for ladies and gentlemen, which is intended as a 
course of training preparatory to professional study or business life, for 
those who do not propose to enter college, in which students can take 
Greek, if they desire, and which also covers four years ; an English course, 
which consists of English studies only, furnishing a full and complete 
preparation for boys Avho intend to enter technical schools, and instruc- 
tions in bookkeeping by single and double entry, which covers lour years, 
and a Preparatory course, covering one year only, in which students are 
prepared for the College Preparatory and the Academic courses. The 
academy is easy of access by railroad from all directions, and commutation 
tickets are sold to students at greatly reduced rates. Students can board 
at the institution table at $3.00 ]ier week, and the rent of rooms is from 
S2.50 to 110.00 per term, according to location. There have been fifteen 
scholarships endowed by various parties for the benefit of such students 
as bear a good moral character, whose pecuniary necessities render them 
in need of snch assistance, and who attain to promising rank in their 
studies during the first six weeks. 

The Oread Institute was founded in 1848, by Hon. Eli Thayer. For 
nearly thirty years it has been one of the most celebrated and popular 
schools for young ladies in New England. The course of instruction is 
most thorough and extensive, the demands for graduation being about 
the same as those of Vassar College. The number of pupils has not 
varied much from one hundi-ed during the last six or eight years. About 
one-half of them are boarders. The number entered last year was ninety- 
four. The graduating class of the present year will number twelve or 
fourteen. The building is of stone, is exceedingly capacious, and in its 
form and style of architecture resembles the feudal castles of the Middle 
Ages. It is of an oblong figure, having towers in the centre, and termi- 
nating in two large towers at either end, giving to the facade a highly 
picturesque and unique appearance. Though it has been built only about 
thirty years, it looks a thousand years old. The numerous visitors who 
come to view the place almost invariably inquire for what it was intended 
when built, as if its present use, viz., a boarding school for young ladies, 
could not have been its original design. It was, however, built for this 
purpose at the outset, and the very high reputation which the school has 
enjoyed for more than a quarter of a century attests the fact that there is 
nothing incompatible between a castle of the middle ages and a modern 
young ladies' seminary. Although presenting a somewhat gloomy exterior 



24 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



to the eye of the stranger, its compartments within are found to be airy, 
cheerful and pleasant. The site is an eminence, rural and picturesque, 
and commands an extensive and delightful view of the entire city and 
surrounding country. The grounds are ample, are ornamented with a 
variety of trees, and afford retirement for the out-door exercise and 
enjoyment of the ladies. The Faculty of Instruction is composed of a 
male principal. Professor Harris R. Greene, and twelve assistant teachers. 
The course of instruction embraces, in the academic and collegiate 
departments, four years, and has the reputation of being exceedingly 
thorough and comprehensive. The following, from a member of the 
examining committee, has reference to this point: "The course of 
instniction ^corresponds with that of the best ladies' seminaries in the 



~:^ ^f 



rrrff n 






COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CKOSS. 

country, including the sciences, literature and the fine arts. Its peculiar 
excellence, however, is in the departments of language and literature, 
in which the principal is pre-eminent as a scholar and teacher. With 
nearly an hundred pupils, it is, nevertheless, in a remarkable degree, a free 
but orderly Christian home." The expenses per year are a little more 
than three hundred dollars, not including music and painting and the 
modern languages. During the last ten years about eighty young ladies 
have graduated from the institution. 
" The College of the Holy Cross was founded in the year 1843 by the 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



25 



Rt. Rev, Benedict Fenwick, Bishop of Boston, and was given by him to 
the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. In 1865 it was incorporated by the 
Legislature of the State, with power and authority " to confer such 
degrees as are conferred by any college in this commonwealth, except 
medical degrees." It stands on one of the beautiful heights of Worcester, 
whence a charming view is enjoyed of the city and surrounding country. 
The objects of the institution are to prepare youth for a jjrofessional or for 
a commercial state of life. The course of studies embraces in its whole 
extent a period of seven years, of which three are given to the Prepara- 
tory and Junior classes, and the remainder to the Senior. The study of 
the French language is a part of the college course. The other modern 
languages may be taught if required, but, together with music, drawing, 
etc., necessitates extra charges. The faculty is composed of Rev. Jose])h 
B. O'Hagan, S. J., President, and fourteen professors as assistants. 




oTATE XOKMAL SCHOOI-. 



The State Normal School, a handsome stone building, stands on a 
beautiful eminence, which commands an extensive and varied view of 
city, village and country for many miles around. Like the other Normal 
schools of the State, this institution is maintained with a single object in 
view, namely, the thorough preparation of teachers for our public schools. 
No young men are admitted under seventeen years of age, no young 
ladies under sixteen. The teachers in the Normal School are as follows: 
E. H. Russell, Principal ; Charles T. Adams, Rebecca Jones, Florence 
Foster, Carrie W. Stevens. The institution being new, the first (lowest) 
class only has been admitted. It consists of sixty-nine members, selected 
by written examinations from eighty-seven applicants. Should the school 
fill up its four classes at this rate, the capacity of the building will be 
severely taxed. Pupils receive instruction and the use of text books free, 
that is, upon the understanding that they mean to teach in Massachusetts 
public schools after graduating. Applicants for admission are rigidly 
4 



26 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



examined in elementary studies at the beginning of each semi-annual 
session in September and February, and pupils are not admitted at any 
other time. 

The High School building occujiies a lot containing 31,672 square feet, 
extending from Walnut to Maple streets. The building is one hundred 
and thirty by eighty-seven feet, has nine school rooms, each about thirty 
feet square, and is designed to accommodate about five hundred pupils. 




JIKill SCHOOI, 



There is also a large library room on the first floor; a lecture room and 
chemical laboratory; a room for 2)hilosophical apparatus, and the princi- 
pal's room, which communicates with all parts of the building by bells 
and speaking-tubes. The second story contains private rooms for teachers 
and two recitation rooms in addition to those mentioned. The third 
story is occupied by the large hall, seveiaty-six by sixty-two feet. In the 
basement is a gymnasium. The bell in the tower, costing 11000, was 
presented by William Dickinson, Esq.; the clock and the twelve smaller 
ones in the building, costing $1000, were a gift from Hon. Edward Earle, 
and one of Chickering's grand pianos, costing $1200, was given by Hon. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 27 



Stephen Salisbury. The cost of the buildiug was $180,000, exclusive of 
land. There are ten teachers employed, three males and seven females. 

There are in the city thirty-four school houses, with room for sittings 
for 7951 pupils, the value of which property, including school apparatus, 
etc., amounts to $987,974. The number of teachers employed in 1873 
was 176; the number of pupils registered during the year, 9990.; the 
average number belonging to the schools, however, was but 6725 ; the 
number registered in the High School was 461, and average number 
belonging, 290.3. The total expenditure for the support of schools was 
$151,676.44. 

The Highland Military Academy is situated on one of the hills just on 
the outskirts of the city. Our cut shows a front view of but part of the 
buildings belonging to this institution, which was established A. D. 1856, 
by Mr. C. B. Metcalf, the present proprietor. The generous patronage 
extended to it soon rendered its accommodations too limited, and in 1861 
a large and commodious edifice was erected, containing general assembly 
rooms, class rooms, library, armory, philosophical and chemical experi- 
ment rooms and cadet quarters. At the same time a comfortable hospital 
was fitted up, and these, with other buildings, accommodated eighty 
boarding cadets. In 1868 a hall was erected to afibrd opportunity for 
horseback exercise, and abundant room for military evolutions in inclem- 
ent weather. In 1874 another building was put up for cadet quarters, so 
that there is now ample room for one hundred and twenty-five boarding 
cadets, who have the salutary restraints, influences and comforts of a good 
home. Officers of the academic staif room in the same quarters with 
the cadets, mess with them, and supervise the table and deportment. All 
the rooms of the establishment are warmed by steam. The public rooms 
and halls are lighted by gas. The academ'y has a regular three years' 
course of study for young men, and a preparatory course for boys. As 
at the United States Military Academy at West Point, the studies are 
similar to those of high schools and colleges. All the common English 
branches are regarded and treated as of the first importance. These and 
the higher English branches, including Surveying, Civil Engineering and 
Natural Science, are taught by liberally-educated gentlemen who have 
had long and successful experience in teaching these studies, and who 
have gained a good reputation as principals of high or grammar schools 
before they are employed in this academy. Most of them are graduates 
of New England colleges. The philosophical and other apparatus for 
illustrating natural science and other subjects is very extensive. The 
military department comprises thorough instruction in the United States 
Infantry Tactics, including daily drill, and a course of lectures and studies 
on the theory of tactics; instruction in the United States Artillery 
Tactics, and drill with the piece and section ; opportunity for obtaining 



28 



WORCESTER 



ILLUSTRATED. 




WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



29 



a knowledge of the staff duties of officers, the full routine of a military 
post being constantly observed, with its headquarters, quartermaster and 
other departments ; constant military government, securing neatness, 
order, regularity and implicit obedience to proper authority. The military 
duties of the school have a direct and favorable bearing upon its intel- 
lectual improvement, while they require only the time usually given to 
the voluntary play of other schools. 



THE CHURCHES. 

There are in Worcester over thirty church societies, nearly all of them 
having churches. Of these there are eight Congregational Trinitarian, 
two Congregational Unitarian, seven Methodist Episcopal, two Protestant 




FIRST UNITAKIAN CHURCH, 



30 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




Episcopal, four Baptist, five Roman Cath- 
olic, one TJniversalist, one Second Advent, 
one Christian, one Swedenborgian, a So- 
ciety of Friends and one of Spiritualists. 
The Old South, built in 17G3, was orig- 
inally seventy feet long and fifty-five wide. 
It has been enlarged, however, its 
length now being ninety feet. It is 
the oldest church in the city. Its 
clock was made in 1800, and its 
bell was cast in 1802, and bears this 
inscription : 

" The living to the church I call, 
And to the grave I sniuiiioD all." 



FIKST UN'IVEBSALIST CHtlUCH. 



It stands on the Old Com- 
mon, immediately beside 
the City Hall. 

The Second Congrega- 
tional (Unitarian), located 
on Court House Hill, is the 
third church built by this 
society since its organiza- 
tion in 1785, two former 
churches having been de- 
stroyed by fire. The pres- 
ent edifice is built of brick, 
covered with mastic,dra\vn 
in squares representing 
granite. 

The Central Congrega- 
tional Church, on Main 
street near Court House 
Hill, is one of the oldest 
churches in town, and is 
sustained by many of the 
best people. 




I'LYMOUTH CHURCH. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



31 




ST. I"AUL"s CHlKCn. 

The First Universalist Church, located on Pleasant street, is a uni({ue 
and interesting specimen of architecture, and is occupied by the only 
society of this denomination in town. 

Plymouth Church, Congregational Trinitarian, at the junction of Pearl 
and Chestnut sti-eets, is a very substantial stone edifice, its tine granite 



32 



WORCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 



spire, one hundred and ninety-two feet high, being a very conspicuous 

object, and from its prominent position gives character to this part of 

the city. 

Another very fine edifice is St. Paul's Church, Roman Catholic, at the 

corner of Chatham and High streets. It is entirely of granite, of Gothic 

architecture, one hundred and seventy feet long by ninety broad, with a 

spire, when complete, two hundred feet high. It is hoped that the bell 

tower will be occupied by a chime. 

The Piedmont Church, Congregational Trinitarian, is a new and tasty 

edifice of brick, with granite trimmings, not yet quite completed, at the 

corner of Piedmont and Main streets. 

The Tabernacle Congregational Church is the eighth and youngest of 

its order in the city, and worships in Mechanics' Hall. 

Trinity Church, Methodist 
Episcopal, on Main street, at the 
corner of Chandler, is a tidy, 
compact edifice, quite ornamen- 
tal, and adds to the appearance 
of the street in this section of 
the city. 

The Salem Street Church, 
Congregational Trinitarian, 
shown at the lower end of the 
Old Common in our view of 
Front street on our cover page, 
was built in 1848, which was the 
date, also, of the organization of 
the society. It is of brick, and is 
one of the largest in the city. 

Union Congregational Church 
on Front street, is one of the 
popular churches in the city, but 
we have no view of it. 
The New Jerusalem Church, Swedenborgian, is a new society which 

commenced holding meetings in March, 1874. Their place of worship 

is in Insurance Hall, No. 240 Main street. 

All Saints Episcopal Church Society, who had the misfortune to have 

their house burned in 1878, now worship in Horticultural Hall. Steps are 

already taken for the erection of a new and costly edifice at the corner of 

Pleasant and Irving streets. 




TRINITY CTIURCn. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



33 



THE STREETS. 

There seems to have been no well-defined plan in the original laying- 
out of streets. Main street, running north and south, is that first laid 
out by the early settlers. Front street, Summer street and Lincoln street 
were also early used, and later, Salisbury, Green, Grafton and Pleasant 




ANTIQUAKIAN HAI.I.. 

Streets were opened for use ; then followed Mechanic, and several years 
later Thomas street. The remaining streets have been opened from tinn' 
to time as the growth of the city demanded. As Main street is the prin- 
cipal thoroughfore, the larger number of business places are located here, 
and, as we shall show numerous views on this, we will commence at 
Lincoln square, the northern extremity, and pass along, making mention 
of the buildings as we go. And first, on Court House Hill, at the right, 
stands the building of the American Antiquarian Society, incorporated 
October 24, 1812, founded by Isaiah Thomas, who presented his valuable 
collection of books, newspapers and manuscripts as the beginning of a 
library; was chosen the first president, and held that ofiice till his death, 
bequeathing funds by his will to provide for the society's operations and 
maintenance. In the practice of his profession as editor, author and 
publisher, Mr. Thomas became, as it were, a practical bibliophile, and a 
collector of such material as would be most desired in an antiquarian or 
historical library. The library now comjjrises more than fifty-three thou- 
sand volumes, consisting of manuscripts, books and newspapers, and is 
considered a very choice and extensive collection. There is also a 
5 



34 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



valuable cabinet containing ancient relics, coins, medals, colonial and 
continental paper-money. Although the outside of the society's building 
in Worcester may be thought plain and unattractive, the inside is ren- 
dered pleasing and interesting, not only by the rai'e volumes upon the 
shelves, but also by the one hundred and twenty-five portraits and other 
specimens of the painter's and engraver's art that adorn the walls. In 
the office of the librarian stands a tall clock formerly owned by Governor 
Hancock, made by Bowley, of London, and from a record on one of its 
wheels of having been cleaned in 1754, it seems to have attained an age 
of nearly a century and a quarter. It is still doing as good service as 
ever, announcing the hours, half-hours and quarters by the striking of its 
musical bells. The librarian of the society is Mr. Samuel F. Haven ; the 
assistant librarian, Mr. E. M. Barton. 

The Court Houses also adorn the eminence, of which we show a small 
view. As we have already mentioned the courts, their establishment, 
etc., we need not pursue this subject further. Opposite from these is the 
old Exchange Hotel, as it is now called, where Washington is said to 
have breakfasted while passing through here in 1789, and in 1825 the 
house is said to have been honored by General Lafayette, who stayed 
here and took breakfast when on his way to Boston to assist at the lay- 
ing of the corner-stone of Bunker Hill Monument. Further up, and on 
the same side, is the Quinsigamond National Bank Building, a unique 




COURT HILL. 



structure, and when built, quite a model of architectural design. The 
institution received its charter in 1833, with a capital of $100,000. In 
1851 the capital was increased to 1150,000, and in 1854 to 1250,000, 
which is the present amount. It was reorganized as a national bank in 
May, 1865. The first president was Mr. A. D. Foster, who was suc- 
ceeded in 1836 by Hon. Isaac Davis, who still continues in that office. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



35 



Mr. C. A. Hamilton, the first cashier, was succeeded by Mr, J. S. Farnuin, 
who continued as cashier until his death in 1873, when Mr. A. A. Howe, 
the present cashier, succeeded him. 

On the opposite side of the street is a fine block of Concord granite, 
occupied on the first floor by the Merchants' & Farmers' Mutual Fire 
Insurance Company, one of the oldest corporations in the city, commenc- 
ing business in 184G, and since that time, including the losses in the 
Boston fire of $400,000, it has paid $1,200,000. The oflficers are com- 
posed of prominent business men, and its reputation is a substantial one. 

The floor above is occu- 
)>iod by the State Mutual 
I .ife Assurance Co. This 
company began business 
in 1845, and has the rep- 
utation of being one of 
the oldest and most suc- 
cessful 1 i f e assurance 
companies in America, 
having for its managers 
conservative men, select- 
ing risks carefully, invest- 
ing funds prudently, and 
iii.inaging the business 
w ith economy. The com- 
pany has a surplus fund 
over all liabilities of more 
than $230,000, so that the 
(<Xgregate interest re- 
< cived on funds invested 
I \ceeds all the death 
losses, making it a very 
safe and desirable com- 
pany in which to insure. 
Just here is the harness and saddlery store of Mr. R. McAleer, whose 
sign, reading differently from three diflferent ways, was the subject lately 
of a political joke which is worthy of notice. One of the Mepresentative 
men of the city, passing here shortly previous to election, looked up at 
the sign, then paused and addressing a bystander remarked : " Those are 
the kind o^ political signs to wear about with you this year. If you ex- 
pect to be elected 'tis well to have your sign read differently from every 
direction." We will state that tlie gentleman was elected. 

Nearly adjoining, at No. 246, is the Worcester Five Cent Savings 
Bank. This was incorporated April 1, 1854, Charles L. Putnam, Esq., 




INSURANCE BLOCK. 



36 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



being chosen president, which office he has continued to hold to the 
present time. The number of depositors, November 1, was 7,178, whose 
aggregate amount of deposits was $1,400,538.26. The first treasurer, Mr, 
Clarendon Harris, occupied that position until January 1, 1872, when the 
present treasurer, Mr. George W. Wheeler, entered, and still continues. 

At the corner of Exchange street is the Bay State House. This is the 
largest public house in Worcester, and one of the most popular in the 
State. It has a frontage on Main street of 100 feet, and on Exchange of 
170, and contains rooms for 300 guests. The house has been under the 
present management (Messrs. Horace Barnes & Co.) for about three 
years, during which time many important iraproyements have been made, 
and it is now eminently first-class in all its appointments. 




;AY STATK 



The Worcester Theatre stands just below here on Excliange street, a 
modest, unpretending building, and the only theatre building in the city. 
The people of Worcester are evidently not patrons of the drama to any 
such extent as of literature or music. In both of these they show the 
greatest love and appreciation, as the often crowded condition of the halls 
will amply testify. 

The Central Exchange Building, built in 1843, on the corner of 
Exchange and Main streets, for the purpose of the Post Office, was 
occupied by this for several years on the one side, and by the Worcester 
Bank on the other. Since the removal of these institutions it has been 
occupied by the Mechanics National and the Mechanics Savings Banks 
respectively, while the upper floors are used for offices, among which is 
that of the Worcester Palladium. This paper was founded in January, 
1834, by J. S. C. Knowlton, who conducted it until his death in 1871. It 
then became the property of his three daughters, who, since October, 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



37 



1873, have assumed its sole direction. The paper was formerly Demo- 
cratic, but, upon the organization of the Republican party, new views 
were adopted, and it has since been a Repvxblican journal. It is the aim 
of the present management to make it an artistic, musical and literary 
journal, publishing the news in a condensed form, and is issued weekly. 
We have now come to Mechanics Hall. This building is owned by 
the Worcester County Mechanics Association, which was organized in 
1842. It is in the Corinthian ordei- of architecture, has 100 feet front, 
and is 145 feet deep. The lower floors are occupied as stores, the second 




MECIIAXICS HALL. 



by offices, the library of the association, consisting of a large number of 
volumes, and Washburn Hall, while on the third floor is the large hall 
capable of containing nearly five thousand persons. This is the popular 
I)lace for entertainments in Worcester, and is one of the finest halls in 
the country. Our cuts show an exterior and also an interior view. 

The next is Union Building, in which is the extensive dry goods house 
of Messrs. Barnard, Sumner & Co., who do a first-class business in this line, 
and the largest in the city. They are patronized by the best classes in 
and out of the city, and are probably the most successful dry goods firm 



WORCESTER ILL USTRA TED. 



heie. Mr. Barnard, the senior member of the concern, was formerly of 
the firm of Chamberlain & Barnard in the same building. 

Opposite this, extending fi-om Walnut to Maple streets, is Brinley Hall, 
which is occupied on the first floor by stores, and on the second by offices, 
the hall above being occupied by Post 10, G. A. R. The Citizens' 
National Bank has rooms in the building. This institution, at No. 354, 
is successor of the Citizens' Bank, which was chartered in April, 1836, 
and opened for business in October of the same year, with Benjamin 
Butman as president and George A. Trumbull as cashier. It was 




MECHANICS HALL — INTEIMOIt. 



organized as a National Bank in February, 1865, with F. H. Kinnicutt as 
president and John C. Ripley as cashier. Mr. Ripley has been succeeded 
by L. W. Hammond as cashier, while the president remains the same. 
They have a capital of $150,000. 

The American House Block, corner of Main and Foster streets, now 
occupied by Mr. W. H. Robinson as a first-class jewelry store, was first 
built as the residence of Hon. A. D. Foster. It was afterward enlarged 
and converted into what was known as the American Temperance House, 
shown on our fourth page, and this was for many years the principal 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



39 



hotel. About fifteen years ago it was again enlarged, and thus converted 
into stores. 

On Foster street is the Worcester Bank Block, occupied by the 
Worcester National Bank, of which Stei)hen Salisbury is president, 
William Cross vice-president, and James P. Hamilton cashier, having a 
capital of $500,000 and a surplus of 1150,000. This institution justly 
claims precedence of the banks of the city and county of Worcester 
by reason of its long and honorable record, covering a period of 
seventy years. It was chartered by the State in 1804, and reorganized 
under the United States law in 1864. It was established and is 
still managed by men conspicuous among those to whom Worcester 
is to-day indebted for much of her itros[)erity. Hon. Daniel Waldo 
was its president for more than forty years, and was succeeded by 
Mr. Salisbury in 1846. The block owned by the bank was erected 
in 1851. The ground story is occupied also by the Worcester 
County Institution for Savings, which was incorporated in 1828, and 




AMERICAN HOUSE BLOCK. 



was the first in the county. Its assets now amount to over five and one- 
lialf millions, belonging to more than fifteen thousand depositors. The 
lion. Daniel Waldo was also president of this until 1846, and was also 
succeeded by Hon. Stephen Salisbury, who retnincd the office until 1871. 



40 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




WORCESTEK BANK BLOCK, 



Since that time Hon. Alexander H. Bullock has been its president. The 
treasurer, Mr. Samuel Jennison, retained the office until 1853. Mr. Chas. 
A. Hamilton was then chosen, and has occupied the place to the present 
time. In the second story are the offices of the Worcester Gas Light 
Company, the Worcester and Nashua Railroad Company, and the Barre 
and Gardner Railroad Company. The entire upper story is occupied by 
the cabinet of the Worcester Lyceum and Natural History Association, 
which society was organized in 185"2 as the Young Men's Library Asso- 
ciation, with a department of Natural History, and in 1856 the Worcester 
Lyceum (incorporated in 1830) was united with it. In 1859 the large 
and valuable library of the association was given to the city as the found- 
ation of the circulating department of the Free Public Library, soon after 
which the present name was adopted. Following out the original plan of 
the Lyceum, a course of popular lectures has been given each winter under 
the direction of a committee of the association, in addition to which public 
meetings are held at their hall the second Tuesday of each month. At 
the monthly meetings papers are read, and discussions take place upon 
appropriate subjects. The cabinet, with its many thousand specimens, is 
open to the public one afternoon and evening of each week, except during 
the three summer months. Any resident of Worcester county is eligible 
to membership. The fee for gentlemen is 12.00, for ladies f 1.00, and for 
pupils attending schools fifty cents. The association has a small library, 
mostly books relating to scientific study. The officers for 1874-5 are : 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



41 



President, Nathaniel Paine ; Vice-Presidents, T. E. St. John and James 
Bushee ; Recording Secretary, Charles E. Phelps ; Corresponding Secre- 
tary, W. T. Harlow ; Treasurer, James S. Rogers ; Superintendent of 
Cabinet, T, A. Dickinson ; Lecture Committee, C. A. Chase, C. W. Gilbert 
and J. S. Rogers. The building covers about 7500 feet of land in the 
heart of the city, and is still a very handsome edifice, however surrounded 
by more modern and elaborate structures. 

The Waldo House, of which the enterprising Start Brothers are pro- 
prietors, is on Waldo street, just below the Foster street depot. The 
name is suggestive of one of Worcester's noble men, Hon. Daniel Waldo, 
who formerly occupied the house as his residence, the building then 
standing on Main street. It has since been removed to Waldo street, 
enlarged, and has for many years been a public house. At this house the 




LINCOLN HOUSE BLOCK. 



rooms are always ready, waiters always in attendance, and visitors are 
sure of receiving the best of fare and usage. 

Lincoln House Block, on the corner of Main and Maple streets, was 
for many years a long, low building, called the " Tombs," but was at 
length enlarged and occupied for a season as a hotel, but afterwards for 
stores, prominent among which are now the large book and stationery 
rooms of Messrs. Sanford & Co., who do a first-class business in that line. 

Immediately connected with this, on Elm street, is the Lincoln House, 
the most central hotel in the city. Mr. S. W. Balcom, the proprietor, 
was formerly connected with other hotels and has had a long experience 
6 



42 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



in the business. Patrons at this house will find pleasant, cozy rooms and 
a genial host. 




LINCOLX HOUSE. 

A little above here on Elm street we have the Public Library building. 
The Free Public Library was established December 23, 1859, by the City 
Council on the receipt of a large gift of books from John Green, M. D., 
and a smaller gift from the Worcester Lyceum and Library Association. 
It consists of reference, intermediate and circulating departments, and of 
_^ -^^^ ■ ^--'==^ , ,^zs:-^^ . two reading rooms. The 

^xT reference department is 

called the Green Library, 
in honor of its founder, and 
is supplied with books from 
the income of a fund with 
which Dr. Green endowed 
it at his death. By a pro- 
vision of his Avill none of 
the books bought witli the 
money left by him can be 
taken from the library 
building. Provision is also 
made in the will for the 
gradual enlargement of the 
fund by the addition to it 
every year of one-quarter 

KKEK l'UliI>lC LIUUAKY. 




Worcester illustrated. 43 

of the income. All losses to the principal must also be repaired from 
the income. The fund now amounts to $35,000 or more. The reading 
rooms are mainly supplied from the income of a fund of about $11,000 
raised by subscription among the citizens of Worcester. The chief sup- 
])ort of the library is derived from an annual appropriation by the city 
government from money raised by taxation on polls and real and personal 
property. To this the dog fund is added. From the two latter sources 
are obtained the means of paying the running expenses of the library, 
and money with which to make additions of books to the circulating and 
intermediate departments. By an arrangement made with the Worcester 
District Medical Society, its books are kept in the building of the Free 
Public Library, and can be used by the same persons and on the same 
conditions recognized in the use of books in the Green Library. There 
are about 33,000 volumes in all the departments of the Free Public 
Library, and about 3,500 volumes in the Medical Library, and 125 
American and 53 foreign papers, magazines and reviews are taken in 
the reading rooms. In the circulating department, probably 100,000 
volumes are given out yearly. The Free Public Library is governed by 
a board of directors, chosen by the City Council for a term of six years, 
which consists of twelve members, two retiring and two newly elected 
each year. The executive staff of the library consists of a librarian and 
five assistants, on week-days, and of the librarian and one assistant dur- 
ing certain hours on Sunday. The Green Library and reading rooms are 
open on Sunday from two till nine o'clock, P. M. For particulars in 
regard to the history and management of the library the reader is referred 
to its annual reports, printed rules and documents, and to the latest 
reports of the United States Commissioner of Education. 

On Main street, near the corner of Elm, is the office of the Daily 
Worcester Evening Gazette, established in 1843, and the Weekly ^gis 
and Gazette, established in 1802. Both these papers are published by 
Charles H. Doe & Co., who are in full membership with the Associated 
Press. Of the Gazette there are three editions daily. In jiolitics it is an 
independent Republican paper. It is now in the fifth year of its present 
management, during which time it has steadily extended its circulation 
and influence. The office is the original Spy office, and is located at 
No. 392 Main street. 

Clark's Block is a fine structure of brick covered with mastic, located at 
the corner of Main and Mechanic streets, and regarded by many as one 
of the finest looking buildings in town. 

The Worcester Daily Press, occupying a part of Crompton Block on 
Mechanic street, was established by Edward R. Fiske & Co. in April, 
1873, and has already become a success, having a very general circula- 
tion in the towns in Worcester county, and wielding a large political 



44 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



influence in this section of the State. Although claiming to be committed 
to no party or sect, it aims to uphold such men for pubUc service as are 
best suited to the demands of the time. The Press is published in two 
daily editions, morning and evening, and the pubhsher, Mr. J. A. Spauld- 
ing, will no doubt secure for it in a little time a place among the leading 
newspapers of the country. _ 

Passing now up Pearl street we have the Post Office building, built in 
1866, by Messrs. Foster, Rice, Chapin, Hoar and Dadmun, for the especial 
purpose for which it is now used. It is of brick, having a sandstone 
front, and cost about $70,000. The Post Office occupies the first floor, 
together with a periodical store, etc., and the coal office of T.W. Wellington 
& Co., the most extensive firm by far in this hne of trade. The second 
floor is devoted entirely to offices, while in the two upper stories of the 




POST OFFICE AND CHAPIN BLOCK. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



45 




F09TEK S BLOCK. 

street, accommodates carriages 
and persons passing to and from 
those streets. The Post Office is 
constructed with three entrances, 
one in front and one on each side, 
and all the mail-bags are received 
and delivered from the passage- 
way at a separate door at the rear 
of the building. The two build- 
ings are conveniently connected 
by a stairway leading from one to 
the other, sometimes called " The 
Bridge of Sighs." 

On the corner of Main and 
Pearl streets is Foster's Block, the 
first iron front built in New Eng- 
land. It was built by Calvin 
Foster in 1854, from designs fur- 
nished by Elbridge Boyden, who 



building are the Masonic halls, 
where all the Masonic bodies hold 
their meetings. 

Immediately connected with 
this is Chapin Block, built in 1869 
by the same parties, at about the 
same expense. This is also of 
brick, ornamented in front with 
granite trimmings, and is occupied 
on the first floor by the Adams 
Express Company and a first-class 
grocery, on the second floor by 
offices, and the third is occupied 
by the Young Men's Christian 
Association. The Odd Fellows 
5 and Knights of Pythias hold their 
meetings in the halls above. The 
buildings are very conveniently 
arranged, with passageways round 
and between them, one of which, 
extending from Pearl to Pleasant 




FIRST NATIONAI, ]{ANK J$UlI-I)lN(i. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



tilso furnished the designs for the 
Post Office and Chapin Block. It 
has a Corinthian front, thirty feet in 
breadth, and is four stories in height. 
Each story has a row of elaborately 
wrought Corinthian columns, with 
appropriate bases, and projecting 
returned full Corinthian frieze and 
cornice. This is considered to be one 
of the finest iron fronts in America. 
The first floor is occupied by C. Fos- 
ter & Co. as a hardware store, and on 
the second floor are the rooms of the 
City National Bank. 

The City National Bank was in- 
corporated as a State institution in 
1854, with a capital of 1200,000, and 
became a national bank in July, 1864. 
The banking rooms have lately been 
much improved, and are now con- 
sidered the finest in the city. The 
very elaborately finished work in 
desks, etc., wa§ furnished by Messrs. 
William G. Anderson & Co., whose 
work has attained a very fine repu- 
tation in this line. The present 
capital of the bank (Jan., 1875,) is $400,000, with a surplus of $124,000. 
Hon. George W. Richardson has been president from the beginning, and 
the cashier, Nathaniel Paine, has been in office since 1857. The upper 
part of the building is occupied by E. Boyden & Son, architects, who are 
the oldest in this profession in the city, and who have been mentioned as 
the designers of this building. 

Adjoining this is the First National Bank Building. This was the 
first marble front erected in the city. The First National Bank was 
organized and commenced business in October, 1863, with a capital of 
$100,000. Since that time it has been increased by two additions, mak- 
ing a capital at the present time of $300,000. At its organization it was 
designated by the United States Government a depository for public 
moneys, and so continues at the present time. Besides paying regular 
semi-annual dividends, without a single omission, it has accumulated a 
surplus fund of $151,000. In 1869 the present edifice was erected by its 
president, Mr. E. A. Goodnow, and Mr. R. C. Taylor, one of its directors, 
and rooms were provided for the accommodation of the bank, fitted up 




WOBCESTEK SAifiS liEl'OSlX CO. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



47 




in the best style, and !it the completion 
of the building were the finest in the 
city. Its rooms are on the second 
floor. 

On the same floor is the oflice of the 
First National Insurance Company of 
Worcester. This company was char- 
tered in 1868, and commenced business 
in January, 1869, with a cash capital 
of $100,000. The originators and 
largest stockholders are nearly all di- 
rectors of the First National Bank, 
and are men well known in the com- 
munity as successful, honorable and 
upright business managers. The com- 
pany has done a small but profitable 
business, and although the Boston 



PEOPLK'S SAVINGS BANK BUILDING. 

conflagration of 1872 threatened its 
destruction, the stockholders, with 
characteristic promptness, voted an 
assessment and paid their losses in 
full, being one of the three stock com- 
panies in Massachusetts who did not 
ask their creditors to accept anything 
less than absolute indemnity for their 
claims. Since that time the success 
of the company has seemed to be 
guaranteed; its reputation for fair- 
dealing and strict justice is well estab- 
lished, and its judicious management 
places the value of its policies very 
high in the estimation of the business 
community. Its officers are, E. A. 
Goodnow, president ; Chas. B. Pratt, 
vice-president and manager, and Geo. 




CioXUIAM I5I.OCK. 



48 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



E. Kendall, secretary. Messrs. Ware, Pratt & Co. occupy two stories of 
the building, besides the basement. This is the most extensive clothing 
house in the city, employing 150 hands, and manufacturing all their best 
class of clothing themselves. The annual sales of this house have reached 
the large sum of $225,000. 

Passing Pleasant street and the City Hall, we have the building of the 
Worcester Spy, which began existence in Boston in July, 1770, Isaiah 
Thomas being editor and publisher, with T. Fowle as an associate for a 
few months. At first it was issued three times a week. Its chief pur- 
pose was to advocate " The Cause of America," and some of the foremost 
revolutionists were among its writers. In April, 1775, it was removed 
to Worcester, the British and the tories having made Boston too hot for 
Mr. Thomas ; and during the time of this removal the battle of Lexington 
was fought. The printing of the Spy for May 3, 1775, was the first 
printing done in Worcester. Mr. Thomas continued his connection with 
the paper until 1801, since which time it has passed through several 
hands until 1858. The present parties, John D. Baldwin and his two 
sons, have conducted it since that time. This is the oldest paper in the 
State. The publication of the Daily Spy commenced in 1845. The 
present building was erected in 1867 expressly for the use of the paper. 




taylok's building. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



49 



The Spy has a very large circulation. The Western Union Telegraph 

Company have their station also in the building. 

The Worcester Safe Deposit and Trust 
Company, occupying the next building, 
No. 448 Main street, is a State institu- 
tion, its charter having been granted by 
the Legislature in March, 1868, for the 
purpose of affording to the community a 
place to deposit bonds and other securi- 
ties and valuables for safe keeping. The 
committee having charge of the erection 
of the People's Savings Bank Building 
constructed a large and very substantial 
stone vault, in which this company have 
their burglar-proof cases, and inside of 
these cases are located the small safes 
scott's block. for the use of banks, corporations and 





.TOUDAN S BLOCK, 



50 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




sjuth's block. 

individuals. These large burglar-proof cases, of which there are two, 
weighing more than six tons (12,000 lbs.) each, are made of the best and 
only known material that defies the action of the drill and sledge-hammer 
— welded iron and steel., hardened — the outer walls of which are more 
than two inches thick, and all corners thoroughly secured by angle-iron, 
no rivets being used in fastening one plate or part to the other, and none 
other but conical-headed bolts are used, the heads of which are made 
of the same material as the body of the safes, steel and iron welded 
together and twisted, then hardened, making the exposed bolt-head more 
difficult to go through than the wall of the safe, if that be possible. 
These bolts are held in place by wrought-iron nuts inside, the screw end 
of the bolts being upset, so that the nuts cannot be turned ofi". The 
folding doors to these mammoth cases, when opened, are really a great 
curiosity to any person not familiar with the better class of burglar-proof 
work. Each door is protected, when bolted and locked, with eight heavy 
revolving wrought-iron bolts, securing each edge of each door in the most 
thorough manner. The importance of such an institution in the com- 
munity can readily be seen by all, but particularly by that large class of 
thrifty persons whose surroundings are unfavorable for the safe-keeping 
of valuables. The ofiicers are, George M. Rice, president ; Edward F. 
Bisco, secretary; H. H. Houghton, manager safe deposit department. 

The People's Savings Bank commenced business in December, 1864, 
and erected the building here represented, on Main street, opposite the 
City Hall, in 1869, under the supervision of a committee of the trustees, 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



51 



consisting of William Cross, James B. Blake and Calvin Foster, who 
were successful in planning and erecting one of the finest structures in 
the city. The front is built of Tuckahoe marble, and all the windows are 
of heavy plate-glass, producing a rich and elegant effect. The interior is 
finished in hard wood, finely polished, and is heated with steam through- 
out. The room, on the second floor, occupied by this bank, is large and 
convenient for the transaction of the extensive business of this popular 
institution, which is ably managed by experienced financiers. 

The Central National Bank has its rooms on the first floor of the 
building. It was incorporated as a State bank in 1829, and organized as 
a National bank May 18, 1864. The bank has a capital of $300,000, and 
a surplus of $120,000. Its ofiicers are, John C. Mason, president; Henry 
A. Marsh, cashier ; W. J. Hapgood, assistant cashier, and Thomas L. 
Nelson, solicitor. 

C. L. Gorham & Co.'s Block, next to the People's Savings Bank, is a 
fine piece of architecture, new and but just fitted up. The proprietors 
have lately opened on the first floor the finest and most elaborate piano 
and music rooms to be found in the city. 

Taylor's Building, a massive and imposing granite structure, stands 
next in our illustrations, and is truly one of the architectural ornaments 




kelley's block. 



52 



WOBCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 



of the city ; but while the exterior is 
beautiful and will speak for itself, the 
interior is no less tasteful and propor- 
tionate. The large furniture and up- 
holstery concern of John D. Chollar 
& Co., occupy a large part of the 
building with their business, which 
far surpasses that of any other house 
in the city, having large and elegant 
varieties of rich furniture, lace and 
upholstery goods, which form as fine 
a display as may be found in Boston 
or New York. The other part of the 
1 [j I building is occupied on the first floor 
by Messrs. Clark, Sawyer & Co. with 
a dazzling display of fine crockery, 
silver, glass and China wares and 
paper-hangings. 

Scott's Block, a unique and in- 
teresting specimen of architecture, 

stands at the junction of Main and Southbridge streets, and easily attracts 

the eye of the stranger. 

Above here, at Nos. 609 and 611, is Jordan's Block, the proprietor of 

which, Mr. J. W. Jordan, occupies it with stoves, furnaces and ranges. 




FKONT STBEET EXCHANGE. 



together with an extensive variety of 
gas-fitting and plumbing materials. 
Mr. Jordan's prosperity has been main- 
ly due to close application to business. 
Commencing in a single room in 1852, 
his trade has steadily increased, until at 
present he does by far the largest busi- 
ness in the city in his line. 

From this point to New Worcester 
Main street is principally occupied by 
residences, many of which are very 
fine, and a few of which we show. 

Smith's Block, standing on the 
corner of Shrewsbury and Mulberry 
streets, was built the present year by 
E. T. and Jesse Smith. It is four 
stories high, and occupied for wholesale 
and retail grocery business. A large 
hydraulic elevator, made at the Free 




dodge' S.BLOGK. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



53 



Institute of Industrial Science, is connected with the building, and is well 
worth seeing. E. T. Smith & Co. occupy about five thoiisand square 
feet of flooring, and are considered one of the largest and best jobbing 
houses in the country. 

We also show a cut of Dr. Kelley's Block on Front street, the ground 
floor of which is occupied by Bush & Co., druggists and apothecaries, who 
do the largest wholesale business in this line in town. 

We show on our cover a view of a portion of Front street. Near the 
centre of the Common, but not shown in our cut, is the Bigelow Monu- 
ment, in memory of Col. Bigelow, an early defender of American liberty. 
At the eastern extremity of the Common is the Soldiers' Monument, 
executed under the superintendence of foreign artists, at a cost of $60,000, 
The writer has seen many monuments erected to the memory of our 
country's fallen heroes, and it is but just to say that in beauty of propor- 
tion and appropriateness of design this monument is not excelled by any. 
Beyond this are shown the Salem Street and the First Baptist churches, 
and the blocks which are fast making Front the principal street, next to 
Main, in the city. 

Sumner Pratt & Co., cotton and woolen manufacturers' agency, are at 
No. 22, where they have a machinery and general supply store. This 
firm is soon to erect large buildings for their trade. 







BESIDBNCE OF T. K. EAKLE. 



54 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




KESIDENCE OF J. H. WALKEK. 

The Front Street Exchange was built in 1856 for a theatre, but is now 
occupied by offices and the Civil Municij^al Court, while the ground floor 
is occupied by Mr. George E. Fairbanks as a drug store — one of the most 
tasteful in the city. 

The Worcester County Horticultural Society own a fine building on 
Front street, nearly opposite City Hall, and have the best horticultural 
library in the country, with the exception of the Boston society. 

At the corner of Park and Portland streets is Dodge's Block, a fine 
office building, occupied by Fred. G. Tilton, druggist, and the extensive 
law and patent offices of Mr. Thomas H. Dodge, the proprietor. 



THE RESIDENCES. 

As the manufacturing interests occupy nearly one side of the city, apart 
from Main street, so, also, outside of these and on either side, do we find 
a continuous line of residences, and but a step from the main street we 
enter the most delightful retirement. There are very many pleasant, 
cozy homes on the outskirts, and also a large number of sumptuous homes, 
but for the most part they are but a little removed from Main street. 
We have been favored with cuts of only a few of these. In a later edition 
we hope to present a larger number. Go where you will in Worcester, 
the same neatness and beauty in homes is observable. Architectural 
design, the arrangement of lawns, garden plots and foliage, all lend their 
aid to make Worcester charming ; and while the rapid march of her 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



55 




KESIDENCE OF J. W. .JOKDAN. 

industries threatens to extend her business centres ere long, yet to-day she 
is perfectly constituted, in business and retirement, for the happiness and 
contentment of her citizens. 

The photographic views taken for this work are by Mr. Frank Lawrence, 
No. 352 Main street, and have aided much in getting satisfactory cuts. 
Mr. Lawrence has the reputation of being a fine artist, and he especially 
shows his taste in landscapes, for which he has a complete set of instru- 
ments. 



WATER AND SEWERAGE. 



Water for the use of the city is obtained by gravitation from a reservoir 
in Leicester, four and one-half miles fi-om City Hall, and at an elevation 
of 327 feet above the city. The reservoir covers 143 acres, and will hold 
700,000,000 gallons, with a water-shed of 1870 acres. There are 75 miles 
of pipe, 475 hydrants, and 4281 service pipes. Water was first brought 
into the city in 1845 from Bell pond (at that time called Bladder pond) 
by a private company. In 1848 the city bought, and in 1863-4 built the 
present works at Leicester. 

The city has over thirty miles of sewers, emptying into Mill brook 
and from thence into Blackstone river. The water and sewage systems 
are so perfect that there are numerous visitors to inspect them. 



56 WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



RAILROADS. 

Worcester has six lines of railroads: the Boston and Albany, Norwich 
and Worcester, Worcester and Nashua, Fitchburg and Worcester, Bos- 
ton, Barre and Gardner, and the Providence and Worcester, the first five 
of which occupy the depot on Foster street, except the through trains 
on the Boston and Albany, which an*ive at and depart from the depot in 
Washington square. On the completion of the Union Passenger Depot, 
shown on our cover page, all the roads in the city will be united at this 
point, which will be of great advantage, as such an arrangement will 
do away with the old Foster street depot and the numerous tracks 
which now run through the heart of the city. The roof of the new Union 
Passenger Station is a remarkable iron structure. It is a double roof, 
each section having a span of 125 feet in width, is 50 feet in height, and 
450 feet in length, being supported by eight wrought-iron trestles resting 
on cast-iron columns eighteen inches in diameter and thirty feet high 
and upon the walls of the building, which are of the most substantial 
arranite work. 



We have not attempted to give a list of all the manufacturing in the 
city, nor of societies or associations, deeming that the work of a directory 
rather than of a book like this, which is mainly an illustration of build- 
ings. To the success of this in so large a measure as our pages show we 
are indebted to those who have favored us with their notices, as no 
work of this nature can be made to pay simply from its sale. We 
can only hope that it may not be said of our work, as "Buckle" says, 
"The important facts have been neglected and the unimportant ones 
preserved." 




ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



J. W. JORDAN, 

Manufacturer of and Dealer in 

Stoves, Furnaces and Ranges. 



TIN ROOFING AND JOBBING. 
609 and 611 Main Street, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

PLUMBING, 

Steam and Gas Piping 

Done by experienced worlanen, and 

WARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTION. 

J. W. JORDAN, 

Successor to Greene & Jobdait. 

GAS FIXTURES, 

GRATES & MANTELS 

IN STOCK AND PUT UP AT SHOBT NOTICE. 

Jordan's Block, ... 609 and 611 Main Street 

J. W. JORDAN. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




G. HENRY WHITCOMB & CO. 



imwm^mm'' 



aKe 



20 SALISBURY ST. 



Lincoln Square, - Worcester, Mass. 



10, JobTbers in Written PapeFS, 



PAPER BOXES 



Of cell lUncis J\£cLcle to (yrcier. 



Having superior facilities we are prepared to fill large orders promptly at lowest rates. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



JOHN D. CHOLLAR & CO. 

MaBcfacturers of and Dealers is 

EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 

Rich & Plain Furniture 

jyAJtEJtOOJtrS: 

i»ro. -^Ta MAIM ©^mEEir» 

T.A.'^LOR.'S OR-A-lSriTE BLOCK:. 

JOHN I). CHOLLAR & CO. 



WHOLESALE AKD BETAIL SEALESS IK 



Upholstery Goods, 

LACE CURTAINS, 
(Di^apeT'io's, SJxcides, JStc. 

DESIGNS i LATEST STYLES 

OF 

Furniture & Draperies 

Can be seen at the Warerooms of 

JOHN D. CHOLLAR & CO. 

472 Main Street, - - - Worcester, Mass. 



iv 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




Marble's Improved Perj>etiial Sheariiifr Machine. 



CURTIS & MARBLE, 

* Worcester, Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS OF CLOTH FINISHING MACHINERY, 



Shearing Machines, 

For Broad and Narrow Cloth, Carpets, Drillings, Tickings, Denims, Cotton Prints, «fec. 
Cross-Cut Shears for Fine Goods. Also, Mat and Bnish Shears. 

PATENT REVERSIBLE FLOCK CUTTERS, 

DOUBLE AND SINGLE ACTING GIGS, 

Napping and Brushing Machines, Cloth Winders, Shear Grinders, Water Wheel 

Regulators, Flock Cutters, Flock and Rag Dusters, Flock Renovators, 

Copper Bottoms for Wool Washers, Gig Slats, Ac. 

Particular Attention paid to Shear Grinding and Repairing. 

MANUFACTORY AT WEBSTER SQUARE. 

AUBKRT COETI8. BDWIN T, MAKBLB. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



B U S H & C O . 

KELLEY'S BLOCK, 

56 Front Street, Worcester, Mass. 



Jobbers aud Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic 

CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS, 

Trusses, Supporters, Sponges, aud all of 



\ 
llii unit 



'9 



PKOPRIETOKS OF 



Dr. NEWTON'S COUGH BALSAM 

For the relief and cure of 

CROUP, INFLUENZA, BRONCBITI8, WHOOl^lNO COUOU, COMMON 
COI1D8, affecting the JLuiiys and Air Passages, and 
LONGSTANDING COUGHS. 

No Medicine yet produced is equal to it. TRY IT. Put up in Twenty-Five 
and Fifty Cent Bottles. 



Bush's Liver Pills, 

These Pills are Entirely Vegetable. 

The complaints caused directly by inactivity of the Liver, are piles, sick head- 
ache, habitual constipation, and some forms of dyspepsia and dropsy. 

One 25 cent Box will convince any one troubled with a Torpid Liver, of all we say. 
Try them. Sold by Apothecaries and Country Merchants generally. 



Having within the past few months enlarged our store and manufacturing depart- 
ment, we are enabled to supply all goods of our own manufacture at the shortest 
possible notice, and we invite Dealers, Physicians, and the public generally to 
examine our goods before purchasing elsewhere. 

I*hysicians' JPrescr-iptions 

Compounded of the best and purest materials, by thoroughly competent clerks. 

btjsh: &c go. 

56 Front Street, Worcester, Mass. 



WOBCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




SARGENT CARD CLOTHING CO. 

WORCESTER, MASS. 
Mjiimfticturers of Cotton, Wool and Flax 

1401111 0419 OLOf illi, 

OF EVERY VARIETY. 

Manufacturers' Supplies of all descriptions. 
HAND AND STRIPPING CARDS. 



SARGENT & CO., Agents, 70 Beekman Street, New York. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 





We aLso make four .sizes of POCKET REVOLVERS, 22, 32, 38 and 41-100 .ali- 
bre, and four sizes of single-shot pistols. The frames of our revolvers are all made 
of Wrought Iron, and the workmanship on these arms is not surpassed by any maker 
in the country. 

For Price-list and Circular, address 

FOREHAND & WADSWORTH, 



viii 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 




L. GOES' 

GENUINE IMPROVED 

PATENT 

Screw 
Wrenches 

MANUFACTURED BY 

L. GOES & CO. 

Worcester, Mass. 




Registered March 81, 1874. 

Warranted to be the Strongest 
Wrench in the Market. 




M. E. SHATTUCK, 

Cigar Manufacturer, 

Also, Wholesale Dealer in Impokted and Domestic 

409 Main Street, Clark's Block, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

■ML. E. ©ECJLTTXJCKl. 



ADVEHTISING DEPAliTMENT. 



\x 



CHARLES BAKER & CO. 



WHOLESALE 



Lumber Dealers, 

OFFICE, 1 JMIUNION STREFT, 



CHARLES BAKER & CO. 



RETAIL 



Lumber Dealers, 

Yards * Manchester Street, 

' \ iiro\e & Preseott Streets, 



CHARLES BAKER & CO. 

MANUFAOTUEEES OF 

MOOLDINGS, WINDOW FRAMES 

House, Store and Bank Finisli. 

Mills, corner of Foster and Union Streets, 

WORCESmU, MASS. 



WOBCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 



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PRATT 



Established 
1847. 




Oo 



Sumner Pratt, 
W. H. Craw^ford, 
Fred. S. Pratt. 



Machinery and Supplies of Every Description, 



FOR COTTON AND WOOLEN MILLS. 
22, 24 and 26 Front Street, . . . WORCESTER, MASS. 

GEO. T. AITCHISO]^, 

MANTJFACTtTKER OF 

Oiiflif ii I f @| I Ofta Sklgli 



I have now finished a fine assortment of the best and latest styles. 

L. F. BANCROFT'S Pat. 

MONITOR 



Street Sprinklers 



Carriage Repairing 

In all its branches, promptly and 
thoroughly done. 



jPor Sale. 



Tlieyerylestinuse. 




WHEELS 

Made to order, of the 
best stock. 



CORNER SCHOOL & UNION STREETS, 
Worcester, Mass. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



Jligltland jlilttarii MaiBrnn, 

WORCESTER, MASS. 

FITS YOUNG MEN AND BOYS FOR COMMON, MERCANTILE 
AND SCIENTIFIC PURSUITS. 



Apply for Oircnlars, giving full information, to the Superintendent. 

C. B. METCALF. 



See page 27. 



WALDO HOUSE, 

WORCESTER. MASS. 
R. N. & L. B. START, - - - Proprietors. 



Free carriages to and from the Depots from 9 A. M. to 11 P. M. 



Worcester County Drug Store, 

FRED G. TILTON, Prop'r, 
41 Park, ooi'ner Portland Street, - TVorcester, ]VIas«. 



TILTOiN'S NETADA WILD SAGE PREPARATION, FOR THE HAIR. 

TILTON'S EXTRACT PARK PLANT, 

Cures Chronic Diarrhoea, and all summer complaints. 

The compoimding of Physicians' Prescriptions a specialty, at all hours of the day 
or night. 

FRED C. TILTON. 



WOISCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



HENRY F. EDWARDS, 

Corner Foster and Cypress Streets, 

WOISCESTER., MASS. 



MANUFACTXTRER OK 



Bolts, Iron Shutters, Vaults, Awnings 

SNOW GUARDS, 

SIDEWALK AND WINDOW GRATINGS, 

mm PLAIED ii GOiRD RAIL, CMSI Mill,, 

Balconies, Iron Fence, Weather Vanes, 
Bannerettes, Finials, and Ornamental Iron Work generally. 

COPPER AND GALVANIZED IRON CORNICE, ORIEL 
AND DORMER WINDOWS. 



MACHINE and TOOL FORGING, 

AND MISCELLANEOUS BLACKSMITHINC. 

Particular attention given to IRON WORK FROM ARCHITECTS' DESIGNS, 
and SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 
The subscriber is also prepared to furnish 

HYATT'S PATENT SIDEWALK LIGHT. 



References : 

Union Passenger Station, Plymouth Church, Trinity Church, Ames Plow Co.'s 
Building, Dodge's Block, High School; cuts of which may be found in this book. 



ADVETt TIS TNG DEPA R TMENT. 



JAMES G. ARNOLD, 



WORCESTER, MASS. 



Solicitor of Patents, 

COUNSELLOR, AND EXPERT IN PATENT CASES. 
P. 0. address, 7 Harvard Street. - - - Office, 271 Main Street. 

RV8INESS COMMEyCED ]SM. 

AMERICAN AXD FOREIGN PATENTS, EXTENSIONS, RE-ISSUES, Etc. 
procured; Examinations, Assignments, etc., made; Caveats entered, Interferences 
conducted, and all other business with the Patent Office attended to upon reasonable 
terms. 




Cl)f|ep|)lfs|rttg Store. 

GEO. E. FAIRBANKS & CO. 



PROPRIETORS. 



Family Medicines & Physicians' Prescriptions 

Dispensed with the greatest care. 

PATENT MEDICINES OF ALL KINDS, PERFUMES, 

Toilet nnti Fnncjl (iooiln in Enillrss f'arieti/. 

Trusses, Supporters, Shoulder Braces, Elastic Stockings, Etc. 
ELECTRICAL MACHINES ALWAYS ON HAND. 



W. F. MERRIFIELD, 



BAY STATE 



: Lilaning jiill^ mi m% ||imttfadorg. 

Planing, Matching and Sawing to Order. 

PACKING BOXES AT THE LOWEST RATES. 

Boxes furnished ready for nailing, by the Car Load. 

COR. UNION AND EXCHANGE STREETS, - WORCESTER. 



xiv 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



XL K, E^m£.E^^ak O 




CARD CLOTHING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



M 

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xvl WORCESTEB ILLUSTRATED. 

Patent Office Business. 

AMERICAN k FOREIGN PATENTS PROCURED, 

Rejected Applications re-argued, Interference Cases prosecuted, Opinions 
given as to the Validity and Infringement of Patents, and ^^ 

SUITS PROSECUTED AND DEFENDED 

In the United States Courts, by 

THOS. H. DODGE, 

(Formerly principal Examiner and Chairman of the Board of Appeals, U. S. Patent 
Otiice) Counsellor at Law and Advocate of Patent Cases. 

Office, Dodg:e's Block^ corner Park aud Poi-tlaud Sts., WORCESTER, MASS. 
ESTABLISHED 1822. 



GEORGE G. BURBANK, 

Successor to the late finn of James Green & Co, 

DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY, 

221 Main Street, WORCESTER, MASS. 

DEALER IN 

JPure Drug^s a-iid. Family JVIedicines, 

All of the Popular Patent Medicines of the day, Fine Sponges, Brushes, Perfumery, 

Toilet Soaps, Pure Wines and Liquors, Porter aud Ale, and all goods 

usually found in an old and well established Drug Establishment. 



C L. GORHAM & CO. 

MAKUFACTITSESS CF THE FOFULAS 

•illAl PIAI©«I01IIS. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 



Piano-Fortes, Cabinet Organs, Melodeons, 

SHEET JVIUSIC, 

AND MUSICAL MERCHANDISE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
PIANO-FORTE AND NIUSI^ ROOMS, - - - 454 MAIN STREET, 

Adjoiuiug People's Saviuga Bank, and directly opposite Old South Ohnrch, 

^:-^ "<»"":-• WORCESTER, MASS. 



ADVEBTISING DEPARTMENT. 



8(ii1iwliiiiiicf&Ci), 



Uanvifacturers of 




T 



19 OHUROH ST. 

Worcester, Mass. 



JEST-A^BLISHEID, .A.. ID. 1850. 



SADDLEKY 



Uaanfacturer and Dealer in 




Horse Clothing'. 



228 Main Street, WORCESTER, MASS. 

2i^^AIways in stock every requisite for a well appointed team, stable and carriage. 



RUSS, EDDY & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

PLAIN, FLUTED AND CARVED WALNUT 



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A.1SI> r»ICTUIlE FH^aiES, 



Javbs J. Russ, 



ir-OT^ THE TRA..IDE. 
LoRiN Eddy, 



Albert S. Davis. 



26 Manchester Street, corner of Bridge, 
WORCESTER, MASS. 

3 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



LINCOLN HOUSE, 

Corner Main & Elm Streets, 

Entrance on Elm, 
The most central in the city. 



S. W. BALCOM, - - Proprietor. 

Formerly of Tremout House, Boston, and Victoria Hotel, St. John. 



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SSS lAli SfEEEl?, 







^'^'^er and Engraver on 



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A- 



CUTS OF MACHINERY, BUIIiDINGS, Ac, Engraved in the Best Manner. 



LUCIUS P. GODDARD, 



Successor to Chas. E. Nye, 




425 Main Street, corner of ]^ront, 
WORCESTER. 



The undersigned continues his connection with the above named office, and will 
welcome its former patrons as well as new ones, assuring all that tlie well-known 
excellence of its productions will be fully maintained. 

CHAS. E. NYE. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



WM. G. ANDERSON & CO. 

MANUFACTUEEES OF BEST 

^mm ^irtaip liFffps, lifffp t^tm, 



4nrf «?/ hinds of First-Class 
2®= CYLINDER DESKS WITH BOOK CASE ATTACHED. 

Mjiiiufactory cor. Union and Foster Streets, - Worcester, Mass. 

We call especial attention to onr 

EXTENSION WINDOW SCREENS. 
They are the best iu the market. 

The aimexed cut represents the 

Aiitom«atie Side Drawers 

which are applicable to the tops of all 
Sewing Machines, right or left hand side 
and wliich are manufactured by us exclu- 
sively. 

WM. G. ANDERSON & CO. 

10^ imiON STREET, COR. FOSTER. 




JASON CHAPIN, 

Manufacturer of Every Kini of 

Bfass^ComposiiioniS Bronze Castings. 

ALSO, BABBITT AND LINING METALS. 
^10 Siz77U7Ler Street, 'Worcester, 2£clss. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



HENEY P. LEONAED, 



iir 



ir» 






AND 



LADIES' HAIR DRESSER, 
260 Washington, corner Avon Street, 



B O ^ ^ O M 



MAJSUl'A.CTUJtEIt OI'^ EVEJtY STYT.E Or 

FRIZETTES, WIGS, BRAIDS, GRECIAN CURLS, 

Long Bands, Puffs, &c. 



213^1 have customers in EVERY SECTION of the United States. Call and 
examine my autographs. 

PRIVATE ROOMS for Ladies' Hair Dressing, and Children's Hair Cutting. 



Consultations Solicited from those whose Hair is commencing 
to Fall Off. Advice Free. 



HENRY P. LEONARD, 
JVo. S60 JVas7ii7xgtoTh Street, 

Corner of Avon Street, - BOSTON. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 




C0IL YIIDS, 



Manchester Street and Southbridge Street. 



OFFICE, 1 POST OFFICE BLOCK, 



PEARL STREET. 



Constantly on hand and for sale, the BEST VARIETIES of 

ANTHRACITE AND BUTUMINOUS GOAL, 

FOB DOMESTIC AND MANUFACTJJBIJfG PUBPOSES. 

Orders received at the Office, 1 Post Office Block ; 202 Southbridge Street ; and at 

the Yards. 

T. W. WELLINGTON & CO. 



T. W. AVELLINGTON. 



E. W. WELLINGTON. 



V. W. WELLINGTON. 



WORCESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



1. 1A¥IA11 % m. 



WHOLESALE 



FLOUR and GRAIN, 

LINCOLN SQUARE, 

tjk . . 

Rev. JAMES TUFTS, 

Foriiierly Principal of Monson Academy, 

Continues to receive into his family a few private pupils to prepare for 



re 



E>ii)isuiiii©ss ©F (ueiieM"©.. 



No pains ai-e sjiared to promote the health, happiness, moral and religious culture 
of those under his charge, thereby securing the greatest mental activity and develop- 
ment. 

It is well known that the COURSE OF STUDY and method here adopted are 
such as to enable his pupils to ENTER COLLEGE IN MUCH LESS, if not in 
HALF THE TIME required by an ordinary Academic course. 

REFERENCES are given in PRINTED CIRCULARS to leading men in Massa- 
chusetts and other States who have been patrons of this school. 

For CIRCULARS please address 

Rev. JAMES TUFTS, Monson, Mass. 



ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT. 



T. E. TATEUM, 



sa?:B7^3vc 



MARBLE & STOKE 



'^rn^^m 



EVERY DESCJtlPTIOK OP 



In and Out Door Work 



MADE FROM MARBLE AND STONE. 



Orders solicited and promptly filled from selected stock at 



LOWEST CASH PRICES. 



131 Central Street, - - near W. & K Railroad, 

^w»r o R c E s T e; Fl, IVI A. s s , 



Wonc JESTER ILLUSTRATED. 



SANFORD & COMPANY, 




iliilij 



titl@l©li 



And BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS, 
364 MAIN STREET, 

Invite the atteution of the public to their establishment. We have a large assort- 
ment of 

Foreign and Domestic Stationery, 

Embracing BLANK BOOKS of all sizes and kinds, all of our own manufacture, 

PAPER, of all qualities, 

ENVELOPES, 

INK STANDS, 

WRITING DESKS, 

PAPER WEIGHTS, 

PLAYING CARDS, 

CHESS MEN, &c. 
Particular attention given to JOB PRINTING, and the manufacture of 

Bkot hh to Special Order on tie lost km\k leriis. 

New Books received immediately on issue from all the publishers in the country. 

SCHOOL AND CLASSICAL BOOKS, 

Of every department of education, 

JUVENILE BOOKS, LIBRARIES & COLORED TOY BOOKS. 
BIBLES, PRAYER BOOKS AND HYMN BOOKS 

In great variety and styles of binding. 

or] 



of different sizes and in all kinds of binding. Special attention given to SUPPLY- 
ING SCHOOLS and LIBRARIES. Catalogues furnished on application. 

SANFORD & COMPANY, 

364 Main Street, Worcester, Mass. 



WILLIAM H. ROBINSON, 



itStltf 



CORNER MAIN (359) AND FOSTER STS. 



(American House Block,) 



A?7" OieCESTZEE, 



])p:ai.er in 



^: 



mni^, pfri^^q t^ prf jup li^Wf?, 



BRONZES, FRENCH AND AMERICAN CLOCKS, 



Mi 



GOLD AlVI) SILVER HEAD CANES, 



OrJilRA. aLJLSSES ^^ SrJECTA^CLES. 



Large Stock, Fine Goods, Low Prices. 



Special Attention given to Repairing Watches and Jewelry. 



WILLIAM H. ROBINSON, 

City Time Keeper. 



CAMBRIDGE TIME TELEGRAPHED BY INDEPENDENT LINE. 



AT THE 



Washburn Machine Shop, 

CONNECTED WITH THE IEEE INSTITUTE OP INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE, 



ARE MANUFACTUBED FOR SALE 



Engine and Speed Lathes, with Hardened Steel Bearings, Revolving Head Screw Machines, Hardened Steel Mandrils, 

Chuck Drills, Bench Centres, and Lathe Dogs. 

ElvIER^ST GRIlSTDIOSrO OS/TA.CIillSrER.'Sr Oin EVER,^5r DESCRIFXIOOSJ'. 

All sizes of Machines for running Solid Wheels — of improved design and superior construction. 

PLANER KNIFE GRINDERS, AND SAW GUMMERS. 



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APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL LABORATORIES, 

Including the Willis system of Apparatus for the use of Lecturers and Experimenters in Mechanical 

Philosoi>hy, Complete Working Machines illustrating the movements of the Link and Valve, 

C. H. Morgan's Machine showing the correct forms for Cams, and their Movements. 

HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS. 

BEST FACILITIES FOR DOING FIRST-CLASS MACHINE WORK. 

All work made to the Whitworth Standard Gauge.«. 

Address M. P. HIGGINS, 

Suii't irashhnrn Mxrliine Shop, WORCESTIiR, Mass. 



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